Wassily Hoeffding, On the Distribution of the Expected Values of the Order Statistics, The Annals of Mathematical Statistics, Vol. 24, No. 1 (Mar., 1953), pp. 93-100 ...

The e-value (where 'e' stands for expected value) offers an alternative to the p-value (with 'p' standing for probability), which researchers traditionally use to test their hypotheses.

Frederick F. Stephan, The Expected Value and Variance of the Reciprocal and Other Negative Powers of a Positive Bernoullian Variate, The Annals of Mathematical Statistics, Vol. 16, No. 1 (Mar., 1945), ...

At first glance, we seem to be in good shape: We get an expected value of $1.21 for our $2 ticket, nice and positive. This seems to indicate that a Powerball ticket might be a good investment.