In Tone2’s latest Icarus synth (pictured left), for example, modulation sources include the synth’s three onboard LFOs, its four envelopes, and external sources like MIDI information (the ...

Quadrature modulation can be used to implement an endless number of modulation schemes, but it has the most value for digital modulation. For example, digital modulation using the phase of the vector ...

Example: Radar Signal Let us look at another example. In this case, we will look at a radar signal incorporating an FM “chirp.” This signal is both amplitude- and frequency-modulated (Fig. 3).

See modulation and carrier. Vary the Amplitude In AM modulation, the voltage (amplitude) of the carrier is varied by the incoming signal. In this example, the modulating wave implies an analog signal.

LFOs, or low-frequency oscillators, can ‘modulate’ other parameters on a synth and it’s this ‘modulation’ that really takes sound design up a layer. When you master this type of design, you can create ...